Loch Ness
Location	Highland, Scotland
Coordinates	57°18′N4°27′W / 57.300°N 4.450°WCoordinates: 57°18′N4°27′W / 57.300°N 4.450°W
Type	freshwater loch, oligotrophic, dimictic^[1]
Primary inflows	River Oich/Caledonian Canal, River Moriston, River Foyers, River Enrick, River Coiltie
Primary outflows	River Ness/Caledonian Canal
Catchment area	1,770 km² (685 sq mi)
Basin countries	Scotland
Max. length	36.2 km (22.5 mi)
Max. width	2.7 km (1.7 mi)
Surface area	56 km² (21.8 sq mi)
Average depth	132 m (433 ft)
Max. depth	226.96 m (124.10 fathoms; 744.6 ft)
Water volume	7.5 km³ (1.8 cu mi)
Surface elevation	15.8 m (52 ft)
Islands	1 (Cherry Island)
Settlements	Fort Augustus, Invermoriston, Drumnadrochit, Abriachan, Lochend; Whitebridge, Foyers, Inverfarigaig, Dores.

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Loch Ness (/ˌlɒxˈnɛs/; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Nis^[2][l̪ˠɔx ˈniʃ]) is a large, deep, freshwater loch in the Scottish Highlands extending for approximately 37 kilometres (23 miles) southwest of Inverness. Its surface is 16 metres (52 feet) above sea level. Loch Ness is best known for alleged sightings of the cryptozoologicalLoch Ness Monster, also known affectionately as 'Nessie'. It is connected at the southern end by the River Oich and a section of the Caledonian Canal to Loch Oich. At the northern end there is the Bona Narrows which opens out into Loch Dochfour, which feeds the River Ness and a further section of canal to Inverness, ultimately leading to the North Sea via the Moray Firth. It is one of a series of interconnected, murky bodies of water in Scotland; its water visibility is exceptionally low due to a high peat content in the surrounding soil.

Loch Ness is the second largest Scottish loch by surface area at 56 km² (22 sq mi) after Loch Lomond, but due to its great depth, it is the largest by volume in the British Isles. Its deepest point is 230 m (126 fathoms; 755 ft),^[3]^[4] making it the second deepest loch in Scotland after Loch Morar. A 2016 survey claimed to have discovered a crevice that pushed the depth to 271 m (889 ft) but further research determined it to be a sonar anomaly.^[5] It contains more fresh water than all the lakes in England and Wales combined,^[4] and is the largest body of water in the Great Glen, which runs from Inverness in the north to Fort William in the south.

Etymology[edit]

According to William Mac Kay in his book « Urquhart and Glenmoriston : Olden times in a highland parish », published in 1914, the origin of the name is from an old Scottish legend, and the gaelic says : « Tha loch ‘nis ann, tha loch ‘nis ann ! » (« There's a loch now, there's a loch now! »).The book 'The Loch Ness Story' by Nicholas Witchell (1976) details this further.

Villages and places[edit]

Places on Loch Ness
North
Shores	Western	Eastern
Shores	South

At Drumnadrochit is the 'Loch Ness Centre and Exhibition'^[6] which examines the natural history and legend of Loch Ness. Boat cruises operate from various locations on the loch shore, giving visitors the chance to look for the 'monster'.

Urquhart Castle is located on the western shore, 2 km (1.2 miles) east of Drumnadrochit.

Lighthouses are located at Lochend (Bona Lighthouse) and Fort Augustus.

Loch Ness Monster[edit]

Loch Ness is known as the home of the Loch Ness Monster (also known as 'Nessie'), a cryptid, reputedly a large unknown animal. It is similar to other supposed lake monsters in Scotland and elsewhere, though its description varies from one account to the next. Popular interest and belief in the animal's existence have varied since it was first brought to the world's attention in 1933.^[7]

Lifeboat[edit]

There is an RNLI lifeboat station on Loch Ness, which has been operational since 2008. It is manned by voluntary crew with an inshore lifeboat (ILB).^[8]

Fish species[edit]

Urquhart Bay and Loch Ness viewed from Grant's Tower at Urquhart Castle

The following fish species are native to Loch Ness. A number of others such as perch and roach have been introduced in the Loch or Caledonian Canal with various levels of success.^[9]

European eel	Anguilla anguilla
Northern pike	Esox lucius
European sea sturgeon	Acipenser sturio (unconfirmed in the Loch, but known from Beauly–Moray Firth, which is connected via the River Ness)
Three-spined stickleback	Gasterosteus aculeatus.
Brook lamprey	Lampetra planeri
Eurasian minnow	Phoxinus phoxinus
Atlantic salmon	Salmo salar
Sea trout	Salmo trutta
Brown trout (ferox trout)	Salmo trutta (Salmo ferox)
Arctic char	Salvelinus alpinus

Island[edit]

Loch Ness has one island, Cherry Island, at the southwestern end of the loch, near Fort Augustus. It is an artificial island, known as a crannog, and was probably constructed during the Iron Age.^[10]

There was formerly a second island (Dog Island) which was submerged when the water level was raised during the construction of the Caledonian Canal.^[10]

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